The useEffect Hook lets you perform side effects in function components — things like data fetching, manual DOM manipulation, subscriptions, timers, and more.

How it works:

• useEffect runs after the render is committed to the screen.
• You can specify dependencies; when they change, the effect runs again.
• You can return a cleanup function from the effect to clean up resources like event listeners or timers.

Syntax:

useEffect(() => {
  // code to run after render

  return () => {
    // cleanup code here
  };
}, [dependencies]);

If you provide an empty dependency array [], the effect runs only once after the first render — similar to componentDidMount in class components.

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